{"id":8566,"date":"2023-01-30T14:35:48","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T13:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/?p=8566"},"modified":"2023-01-30T14:38:19","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T13:38:19","slug":"edouard-debat-ponsan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/edouard-debat-ponsan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Debat-Ponsan<\/span> (<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00c9douard<\/span>, Bernard Debat dit Ponsan), peintre fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Toulouse (Haute-Garonne) le 25 avril 1847*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 29 janvier 1913.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more--><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Issu d\u2019une famille d\u2019organistes titulaires des orgues de la cath\u00e9drale de Toulouse depuis le XVIII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, \u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan commen\u00e7a ses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts de Toulouse. \u00c0 l\u2019instar de nombreux artistes toulousains \u2013 les peintres <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/jean-paul-laurens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jean-Paul Laurens<\/a> et Henri Martin ou le sculpteur <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/alexandre-falguiere\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexandre Falgui\u00e8re<\/a> \u2013, le jeune Debat-Ponsan s\u2019installa \u00e0 Paris, pour suivre d\u00e8s 1867 les cours d\u2019Alexandre Cabanel \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. La guerre de 1870 interrompit ses \u00e9tudes. Il s\u2019engagea comme franc-tireur dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e de Bourbaki, mais fut rapidement fait prisonnier. Ayant r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9vader, il rejoignit les rangs de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de la Loire conduite par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Chanzy.<br \/>Second Prix de Rome en 1873, il fut distingu\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante par une m\u00e9daille de deuxi\u00e8me classe au Salon et par le Prix Troyon de l\u2019Institut. En 1877, il partit pour l\u2019Italie o\u00f9 il s\u00e9journa gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une subvention de l\u2019\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. Ce s\u00e9jour permit \u00e0 Debat-Ponsan de s\u2019accomplir comme peintre d\u2019histoire et de sc\u00e8nes de genre. Ses \u0153uvres envoy\u00e9es au Salon \u00e0 la charni\u00e8re des ann\u00e9es 1870 et 1880 connurent un succ\u00e8s public et critique qui lui rapporta des commandes officielles \u2013 portraits de personnalit\u00e9s, d\u00e9corations d\u2019\u00e9difices&#8230; \u2013 et une nomination au grade de chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d\u2019honneur.<br \/>\u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan exposa \u00e0 l\u2019Exposition universelle de 1889 un <em>Portrait du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Boulanger <\/em>peint en 1887. Accept\u00e9e par le jury, l\u2019effigie fut peu apr\u00e8s d\u00e9croch\u00e9e des cimaises sur ordre des autorit\u00e9s craignant des mouvements d\u2019opinions, alors que le flamboyant militaire avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 la retraite, apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9chec de sa tentative de coup d\u2019\u00c9tat et apr\u00e8s la dissolution de la Ligue des patriotes. Consid\u00e9rant que le retrait de ce portrait brisait la coh\u00e9rence de ses envois, Debat-Ponsan refusa la m\u00e9daille de bronze que le jury lui attribua pour saluer son \u0153uvre. Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9croch\u00e9, ce portrait \u00e9questre du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Boulanger juch\u00e9 sur son pur-sang disparut \u2013 il n\u2019en subsiste qu\u2019une esquisse (collection particuli\u00e8re) qui fut expos\u00e9e au mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Tours (<em>cf. <\/em>cat. expo. <em>\u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan, <\/em>1972) \u2013 et fut peut-\u00eatre envoy\u00e9 en Belgique o\u00f9 il aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 exhib\u00e9 dans des f\u00eates foraines apr\u00e8s le spectaculaire suicide du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<br \/>Avec ce <em>Portrait du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Boulanger, <\/em>Debat-Ponsan le peintre d\u2019histoire f\u00e9ru de sc\u00e8nes anciennes, mythologiques et bibliques avait, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, abandonn\u00e9 sa culture acad\u00e9mique pour soudainement s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 l\u2019actualit\u00e9. C\u2019est en effet \u00e0 l\u2019ombre de la crise boulangiste qu\u2019\u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan s\u2019int\u00e9ressa alors aux agitations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans laquelle il vivait et aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui rompaient l\u2019\u00e9quilibre politique et social. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que l\u2019affaire Dreyfus suscita chez lui une \u0153uvre.<br \/>En 1898, \u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan consacra en effet un tableau \u00e0 scandale \u00e0 l\u2019Affaire&nbsp;: <em>Nec Mergitur <\/em>ou <em>La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 sortant du puits <\/em>(Huile sur toile, H. 240 x L. 155 cm, mus\u00e9e d\u2019Amboise, inv. RF 1973-46).<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8575 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Debat-Ponsan-e1675084217396-627x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"1021\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Debat-Ponsan-e1675084217396-627x1024.jpg 627w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Debat-Ponsan-e1675084217396-184x300.jpg 184w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Debat-Ponsan-e1675084217396-768x1254.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Debat-Ponsan-e1675084217396-941x1536.jpg 941w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Debat-Ponsan-e1675084217396-624x1019.jpg 624w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Debat-Ponsan-e1675084217396.jpg 1191w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette monumentale all\u00e9gorie (reproduite par Louis-Marie L\u00e9charny, <em>L\u2019Art pompier, <\/em>Paris, PUF, coll. \u00ab&nbsp;Que sais-je&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb, 1998, p. 38) symbolise l\u2019affaire Dreyfus sous les apparences d\u2019une femme diaphane dressant son miroir et tentant de sortir d\u2019un puits, tandis que deux satrapes \u2013 un spadassin et Don Basile incarnant respectivement l\u2019Arm\u00e9e et l\u2019\u00c9glise \u2013 essaient de l\u2019y replonger brutalement. Cette mise en sc\u00e8ne n\u2019\u00e9tait certainement pas sans illustrer l\u2019avertissement lanc\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/05\/emile-zola\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zola<\/a> dans sa \u00ab&nbsp;Lettre \u00e0 la France&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;[&#8230;] la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 est en marche, et rien ne l\u2019arr\u00eatera. Malgr\u00e9 les mauvais vouloirs, chaque pas en avant sera fait, math\u00e9matiquement, \u00e0 son heure. La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 a en elle une puissance qui emporte tous les obstacles. Et, lorsqu\u2019on lui barre le chemin, qu\u2019on r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 l\u2019enfermer plus ou moins longtemps sous terre, elle s\u2019y amasse, elle y prend une violence telle d\u2019explosion, que, le jour o\u00f9 elle \u00e9clate, elle fait tout sauter avec elle. Essayez, cette fois, de la murer pendant quelques mois encore, sous des mensonges ou dans un huis-clos, et vous verrez bien si vous ne pr\u00e9parez pas, pour plus tard, le plus retentissant des d\u00e9sastres&nbsp;\u00bb.<br \/>D\u2019une facture acad\u00e9mique et moderne qui m\u00eale des archa\u00efsmes et des signes avant-coureurs de l\u2019Art nouveau, <em>La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 sortant du puits <\/em>fut le manifeste artistique, philosophique et politique personnel d\u2019\u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan, quoique son tableau fut assez proche de la s\u00e9rie homonyme de Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me (1895-1898). Cet homme qui croyait aux vertus des sentiments nobles, \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la valeur des h\u00e9ros, et qui pensait que l\u2019art n\u2019avait de valeur que s\u2019il \u00e9tait mis au service de l\u2019histoire et de la morale, d\u00e9clarait ici publiquement son indignation contre l\u2019hypocrisie dont \u00e9tait victime le <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/05\/alfred-dreyfus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">capitaine Dreyfus<\/a>. Enfin, par cette \u0153uvre au message limpide, Debat-Ponsan se rangeait clairement dans le camp <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/14\/dreyfusard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dreyfusard<\/a>. L\u2019\u0153uvre fut en outre offerte en 1900\u2008par souscription publique \u00e0 Zola \u2013 elle sera vendue lors de la succession de l\u2019\u00e9crivain, en mars 1903 (<em>cf. <\/em>Colette Becker et <em>ali, Dictionnaire Zola, <\/em>Paris, Robert Laffont, coll. \u00ab&nbsp;Bouquins&nbsp;\u00bb, 1993, p. 647, n<sup>o<\/sup> 119.\u2008Voir aussi la lettre de Frantz Jourdain \u00e0 Zola du 25 octobre 1900, <a href=\"https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10082115v\/f641.item\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BNF n.a.fr. 24520 (micro 3252), f. 513<\/a>).<br \/>Pour l\u2019ensemble de ces raisons, l\u2019\u0153uvre et son auteur cr\u00e9\u00e8rent le scandale lors du Salon des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais de 1898 (n<sup>o<\/sup> 578) et encore \u00e0 l\u2019Exposition Universelle de 1900 (n<sup>o<\/sup> 583). Le tableau connut d\u2019ailleurs une importante fortune caricaturale. Nombre de dessinateurs dreyfusards ou antidreyfusards le pastich\u00e8rent, le cit\u00e8rent et le d\u00e9tourn\u00e8rent&nbsp;: ainsi, et entre autres exemples, le dreyfusard <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/pepin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u00e9pin<\/a> (in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/le-grelot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Grelot<\/a>, <\/em>19 d\u00e9cembre 1897) montra ainsi <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/07\/auguste-scheurer-kestner\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scheurer-Kestner<\/a> et\u00a0Zola tentant de tirer la femme au miroir du puits, pendant que <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/05\/edouard-drumont\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drumont<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/05\/henri-rochefort\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rochefort<\/a> cherchaient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9touffer et \u00e0 dissimuler la sc\u00e8ne.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8576\" src=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-705x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"908\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-705x1024.jpg 705w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-768x1116.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-1057x1536.jpg 1057w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-1409x2048.jpg 1409w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-624x907.jpg 624w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MEZ-93.34-Le-Grelot-19-dec.-1897-scaled.jpg 1761w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, l\u2019antidreyfusard <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/18\/caran-dache\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caran d\u2019Ache<\/a> d\u00e9tourna l\u2019\u0153uvre en repr\u00e9sentant Zola les pieds plant\u00e9s dans des tinettes, tenant une poup\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019effigie de Dreyfus. L\u2019image rappelait le titre de l\u2019\u0153uvre dans son sous-titre (\u00ab&nbsp;Coucou le voil\u00e0&nbsp;! La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 sort de son puits&nbsp;\u00bb, in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/psst\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psst&#8230;!<\/a>, <\/em>10 juin 1899). Dans nombre de caricatures, de jeux satiriques et de bibelots ludiques, le tableau de Debat-Ponsan fut rappel\u00e9 en filigrane, devenant ainsi un vecteur de propagande d\u2019un camp ou de l\u2019autre.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8586 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Psst___images_par_Forain_..._bpt6k9117544d_3-946x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Psst___images_par_Forain_..._bpt6k9117544d_3-946x1024.jpg 946w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Psst___images_par_Forain_..._bpt6k9117544d_3-277x300.jpg 277w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Psst___images_par_Forain_..._bpt6k9117544d_3-768x832.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Psst___images_par_Forain_..._bpt6k9117544d_3-1418x1536.jpg 1418w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Psst___images_par_Forain_..._bpt6k9117544d_3-1891x2048.jpg 1891w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Psst___images_par_Forain_..._bpt6k9117544d_3-624x676.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette prise de position fracassante du peintre ne fut pas sans r\u00e9percussions sur sa carri\u00e8re. Il perdit une part importante de sa client\u00e8le parisienne et provinciale&nbsp;; au point qu\u2019il se trouva dans l\u2019obligation de se consacrer aux paysages, sc\u00e8nes rurales et sc\u00e8nes historiques destin\u00e9s \u00e0 une client\u00e8le am\u00e9ricaine et anglaise. Il se brouilla avec sa famille, quitta son Languedoc natal et s\u2019installa \u00e0 Nazelles, en Touraine, o\u00f9 il partagea son temps avec des s\u00e9jours dans son atelier parisien de l\u2019avenue Victor Hugo.<br \/>Son \u0153uvre ult\u00e9rieure portera toutefois les \u00e9chos de l\u2019affaire Dreyfus. Au Salon de 1899 (n<sup>o<\/sup> 561), il exposa une grande machine biblique sous le titre <em>Christ sur la montagne <\/em>(Toulouse, mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts). Le tableau repr\u00e9sentait le Christ descendant du Golgotha pour pr\u00e9sider, devant les cadavres de la Saint-Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my, \u00e0 la r\u00e9conciliation nationale entre les catholiques et les huguenots. Il est impossible de ne pas y voir une invitation \u00e0 la r\u00e9conciliation plus large des dreyfusards et de leurs adversaires.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8587\" src=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/96aa47ea-a2e8-4adc-befb-4561f39166d2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/96aa47ea-a2e8-4adc-befb-4561f39166d2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/96aa47ea-a2e8-4adc-befb-4561f39166d2-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/96aa47ea-a2e8-4adc-befb-4561f39166d2-768x644.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/96aa47ea-a2e8-4adc-befb-4561f39166d2-624x523.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le catalogue de l\u2019Exposition Universelle de 1900 (n<sup>o<\/sup> 582) \u00e9clairait d\u2019ailleurs le tableau par cette citation de la parole du Christ extraite de l\u2019\u00c9vangile selon Saint-Jean&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;Et moi, je vous ai dit de vous aimer les uns les autres, et de vous entr\u2019aimer comme je vous ai aim\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb. De ce point de vue, cette \u0153uvre de Debat-Ponsan est aussi une all\u00e9gorie de l\u2019Affaire. Son envoi au Salon des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais de 1905 (n<sup>o<\/sup> 532), sous le titre <em>L\u2019Humanit\u00e9 en deuil, <\/em>n\u2019\u00e9tait certainement pas sans faire encore r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019affaire Dreyfus.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8588\" src=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/103434681_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"443\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/103434681_o.jpg 443w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/103434681_o-237x300.jpg 237w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le tableau repr\u00e9sentait sous un ciel enfum\u00e9 par une canonnade une all\u00e9gorie f\u00e9minine serrant sur sa poitrine les cadavres de ses deux enfants. Deux vers accompagnaient l\u2019\u0153uvre dans la notice du catalogue&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;Pour cette m\u00e8re en pleurs, il n\u2019est dans ses enfants, \/ Ni vainqueurs, ni vaincus, des Fr\u00e8res seulement&#8230;&nbsp;\u00bb. Peut-\u00eatre faut-il y voir pour Debat-Ponsan une fa\u00e7on de clore l\u2019affaire Dreyfus&nbsp;?<br \/>Debat-Ponsan signa aussi la <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/07\/protestation-picquart\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">protestation en faveur de Picquart<\/a> (8<sup>e<\/sup> liste) et souscrivit au <a href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/13\/monument-scheurer-kestner\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">monument Scheurer-Kestner<\/a> (7<sup>e<\/sup> liste).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">Sources et bibliographie&nbsp;: les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques sur \u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan et son \u0153uvre sont rares et anciennes. On consultera le catalogue de l\u2019exposition <em>\u00c9douard Debat-Ponsan (1847-1913) <\/em>\u00e9tabli par Marie-No\u00eblle Pinot de Villechenon. Tours, mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, 1972. <em>La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 sortant du puits <\/em>fut l\u2019objet d\u2019une notule dans <em>La Revue du Louvre et des mus\u00e9es de France, <\/em>n<sup>o<\/sup> 5-6, 1976, p. 398..<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" style=\"font-size: 10px; text-align: right;\"><em>Bertrand TIllier<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8590 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mak75e-e1675085892759.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mak75e-e1675085892759.jpg 371w, https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/mak75e-e1675085892759-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Debat-Ponsan (\u00c9douard, Bernard Debat dit Ponsan), peintre fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Toulouse (Haute-Garonne) le 25 avril 1847*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 29 janvier 1913.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,63,9,84,90],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-divers","category-artiste-peintre","category-dreyfusard","category-haute-garonne","category-sculpteur"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - 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