{"id":8122,"date":"2022-07-18T13:08:53","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T11:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/?p=8122"},"modified":"2022-10-24T13:26:35","modified_gmt":"2022-10-24T11:26:35","slug":"jacques-henri-dreyfuss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/18\/jacques-henri-dreyfuss\/","title":{"rendered":"Jacques-Henri Dreyfuss"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dreyfuss<\/span><\/span>, Jacques-Henri<\/span>, <\/span>grand rabbin fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Schirhoff (Alsace) le 19 avril 1844*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 27 juillet 1933.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n

Fils unique n\u00e9 dans une famille pieuse d\u2019Alsace, Jacques-Henri Dreyfuss se destina comme son p\u00e8re au rabbinat. Il entra \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole rabbinique en 1862 et obtint le titre de rabbin en 1868. D\u2019abord rabbin \u00e0 Sedan, il devint grand rabbin de Belgique en 1880 puis grand rabbin de Paris en 1891, succ\u00e9dant au grand rabbin Zadoc Kahn<\/a> apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9lection de ce dernier au grand rabbinat de France.<\/span>
Brillant orateur, Jacques-Henri Dreyfuss lutta alors avec \u00e9nergie contre l\u2019indiff\u00e9rence religieuse qui caract\u00e9risait les Juifs parisiens tout en d\u00e9fendant un ardent patriotisme. D\u00e9j\u00e0 sensible \u00e0 l\u2019antis\u00e9mitisme, il \u00e9voqua les cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes du boulangisme dans son sermon d\u2019installation prononc\u00e9 le 29 septembre 1891 : \u00ab Nous assistons, en effet, mes fr\u00e8res, ou plut\u00f4t nous venons d\u2019assister \u2013 car d\u00e9j\u00e0 la tentative semble frapp\u00e9e d\u2019impuissance irr\u00e9m\u00e9diable \u2013 \u00e0 une sorte de r\u00e9surrection de l\u2019esprit d\u2019intol\u00e9rance […] et surtout d\u2019ambitions malsaines, qui songe bien moins \u00e0 grouper des animosit\u00e9s religieuses qu\u2019\u00e0 envenimer des rancunes sociales \u00bb.
Lorsque le capitaine Alfred Dreyfus<\/a> fut arr\u00eat\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin du mois d\u2019octobre 1894, le grand rabbin de Paris en fut aussit\u00f4t inform\u00e9 tout comme le grand rabbin Zadoc Kahn. Connaissant bien la famille de l\u2019officier et les convictions patriotiques de ce dernier, il fut convaincu que Dreyfus ne pouvait pas \u00eatre coupable d\u2019une telle trahison. Le 20 d\u00e9cembre, c\u2019est en tant que t\u00e9moin de moralit\u00e9 que le grand rabbin Jacques-Henri Dreyfuss se pr\u00e9senta devant le Conseil de guerre de Paris<\/a>. Il insista sur l\u2019honn\u00eatet\u00e9 du capitaine. Antis\u00e9mite notoire, le colonel Sandherr<\/a> dressa un portrait peu flatteur du t\u00e9moin, \u00ab sale gueule de juif \u00bb, \u00e0 Maurice Pal\u00e9ologue<\/a> : \u00ab Ch\u00e9 suis le grand rabbin de Paris. […] Ch\u00e9 ne sais rien de l\u2019affaire mais ch\u00e9 connais depuis longtemps la famille d\u00e9 l\u2019accus\u00e9, et ch\u00e9 la consid\u00e8re comme une honn\u00eate famille \u00bb (Journal de l\u2019affaire Dreyfus, <\/i>p. 36-37). <\/b>
Quoique dreyfusard, le grand rabbin de Paris se montra tr\u00e8s discret pendant l\u2019Affaire m\u00eame s\u2019il fut fr\u00e9quemment inform\u00e9 de son \u00e9volution par son ami Zadoc Kahn. Ne souhaitant pas jouer un r\u00f4le politique, il r\u00e9conforta plut\u00f4t la famille du capitaine. Dans ses nombreux sermons, il d\u00e9fendit pourtant le patriotisme des Isra\u00e9lites et leur fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \u00e0 la terre des droits de l\u2019homme tout en \u00e9voquant parfois les turbulences de l\u2019antis\u00e9mitisme. Dans son allocution prononc\u00e9e pour le Souvenir fran\u00e7ais en juin 1896, il revendiqua : \u00ab …l\u2019union des c\u0153urs et des volont\u00e9s, \u00e0 la fin de toutes les haines, de toutes les inimiti\u00e9s, de toutes les suspicions, de tous les malentendus entre les citoyens \u00bb.
Certains reproch\u00e8rent pourtant au grand rabbin de Paris l\u2019absence de son engagement mais celui-ci, sans doute trop confiant en la R\u00e9publique, interpr\u00e9ta le terrible malaise qui d\u00e9stabilisait la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise comme l\u2019une des cons\u00e9quences du positivisme. Tandis que les rabbins \u00e9taient de plus en plus nombreux \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9lever pour que la justice se f\u00eet pour Dreyfus \u2013 songeons au grand rabbin Zadoc Kahn, \u00e0 \u00c9mile L\u00e9vy<\/a>, \u00e0 Louis-Germain L\u00e9vy<\/a> \u2013, Jacques-Henri Dreyfuss pr\u00e9f\u00e9ra ne pas trop intervenir dans les d\u00e9bats qui assaillaient la Cit\u00e9. Lors de la conversion au juda\u00efsme de la femme<\/a> du po\u00e8te Gustave Kahn<\/a> en d\u00e9cembre 1898, il \u00e9voqua toutefois l\u2019Affaire : \u00ab …vous avez voulu t\u00e9moigner \u00e0 votre mari une marque \u00e9clatante de votre attachement, ou plut\u00f4t de votre estime, en acceptant de partager avec lui les d\u00e9savantages ou les \u00e9preuves m\u00eames que le r\u00e9veil des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s \u2013 dont notre g\u00e9n\u00e9reuse terre de France ne tardera pas, nous pouvons l\u2019esp\u00e9rer, \u00e0 secouer le joug \u2013 que le r\u00e9veil, dis-je, de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s surann\u00e9s pourrait imposer a sa qualit\u00e9 d\u2019isra\u00e9lite \u00bb.
En fait, son patriotisme l\u2019emportait sur son r\u00e9publicanisme. Selon lui, l\u2019antis\u00e9mitisme qui s\u00e9vissait en France \u00e9tait import\u00e9 d\u2019Allemagne. L\u2019Affaire en divisant la France faisait alors le jeu de l\u2019Allemagne et risquait \u00ab d\u2019affaiblir, par la contrari\u00e9t\u00e9 de nos efforts, l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de notre tendresse filiale et de notre d\u00e9nouement \u00bb.
Ses sermons patriotiques au cours de la Grande Guerre feront d\u2019ailleurs sa renomm\u00e9e. Il fut le premier grand rabbin \u00e0 recevoir dans sa synagogue le pr\u00e9sident Raymond Poincar\u00e9<\/a> en mai 1916.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Sources et bibliographie : les sermons du grand rabbin Jacques-Henri Dreyfuss ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s en trois recueils : Sermons et Allocutions <\/i>(Durlacher, 1908 et 1913) et Sermons de guerre <\/i>(Durlacher, 1921).\u00a0<\/span>En juillet 1933, Les Archives isra\u00e9lites <\/i>et L\u2019Univers isra\u00e9lite <\/i>lui ont consacr\u00e9 une notice n\u00e9crologique.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Philippe-E Landau<\/em><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dreyfuss, Jacques-Henri, grand rabbin fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Schirhoff (Alsace) le 19 avril 1844*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 27 juillet 1933.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57,9,414],"tags":[87,86,430],"class_list":["post-8122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alsace","category-dreyfusard","category-rabbin","tag-affaire-dreyfus","tag-dictionnaire-de-laffaire-dreyfus","tag-jacques-henri-dreyfuss-et-laffaire-dreyfus"],"yoast_head":"\nJacques-Henri Dreyfuss - Dictionnaire de l'affaire Dreyfus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/18\/jacques-henri-dreyfuss\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jacques-Henri Dreyfuss - 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