{"id":7287,"date":"2022-01-21T22:45:26","date_gmt":"2022-01-21T21:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/?p=7287"},"modified":"2022-06-29T14:44:30","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T12:44:30","slug":"marcelin-berthelot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2022\/01\/21\/marcelin-berthelot\/","title":{"rendered":"Marcelin Berthelot"},"content":{"rendered":"

Berthelot<\/span>, Pierre, Eug\u00e8ne, Marcelin<\/span>\u00a0(avec un seul \u00ab l \u00bb selon l’\u00e9tat-civil), chimiste, biologiste et homme politique fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 25 octobre 1827*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 18 mars 1907*.<\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n

Intime de Renan, cousin de Louise Hal\u00e9vy, il entra au coll\u00e8ge de France comme pr\u00e9parateur en 1851 et obtint son doctorat en 1854. Professeur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure de pharmacie (1859), il devint professeur de chimie organique en 1865 au Coll\u00e8ge de France. Auteur de nombreux ouvrages, collaborateur scientifique au Temps<\/em><\/a>, \u00e0 la Revue des Deux-Mondes<\/em><\/a>, aux Annales de physique et de chimie<\/em>, il fut nomm\u00e9 inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019instruction publique en 1876 et devint s\u00e9nateur inamovible en 1881. Ministre de l\u2019Instruction publique dans le cabinet Goblet<\/a> (1886-1887), il sera aussi ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res dans le cabinet Bourgeois<\/a>.
Pour lui, inform\u00e9 par Boisdeffre<\/a> ou Sandherr<\/a>, par Mercier<\/a> peut-\u00eatre, la culpabilit\u00e9 de Dreyfus<\/a> ne pouvait faire le moindre doute. En f\u00e9vrier 1895, il fut visit\u00e9 par Scheurer-Kestner<\/a>, son coll\u00e8gue au S\u00e9nat, qui, apr\u00e8s avoir re\u00e7u Mathieu<\/a> qui l\u2019avait touch\u00e9, avait entrepris une petite enqu\u00eate pour en savoir plus. Berthelot se montra tr\u00e8s affirmatif :<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

On se d\u00e9fiait de Dreyfus, me dit-il. On lui glissa une pi\u00e8ce exceptionnelle. La copie de cette pi\u00e8ce fut retrouv\u00e9e \u00e0 Berlin. La preuve morale \u00e9tait acquise. C\u2019est alors qu\u2019on lui tendit le pi\u00e8ge de lui faire \u00e9crire, \u00e0 la dict\u00e9e<\/a>, la pi\u00e8ce trouv\u00e9e dans le panier \u00e0 papiers de l\u2019ambassade d\u2019Allemagne. Il y a encore certaines choses que je ne puis vous dire, ajouta-t-il ; et je ne sais pas tout ! Pour moi, je crois \u00e0 la culpabilit\u00e9 de Dreyfus autant qu\u2019on peut y croire en l\u2019absence de preuves \u201cpersonnelles et mat\u00e9rielles\u201d \u00bb (Scheurer, p. 57).<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n

C\u2019est pour cela, encore qu\u2019en 1896, il refusa de recevoir Bernard Lazare<\/a>, dont le m\u00e9moire en d\u00e9fense venait de para\u00eetre, qui lui avait demand\u00e9 un rendez-vous (Lazare, <\/a>M\u00e9moire \u00e0 Reinach)<\/em>. S\u2019il fut un des 80 s\u00e9nateurs \u00e0 voter pour Scheurer-Kestner candidat \u00e0 sa propre succession \u00e0 la vice-pr\u00e9sidence (Reinach, II, p. 845 n. 1), son sentiment n\u2019avait pas alors chang\u00e9 comme en t\u00e9moigne sa d\u00e9claration \u00e0 La Patrie<\/em><\/a> aux premiers jours de de f\u00e9vrier 1898 : \u00ab Je d\u00e9plore toutes les infamies \u00e9crites et d\u00e9bit\u00e9es dans le but d\u2019innocenter un homme jug\u00e9 et condamn\u00e9 par le conseil de guerre \u00bb. Il ajoutait : \u00ab C’est insulter et taxer de malhonn\u00eatet\u00e9 les officiers \u00e9minents qui ont, d’abord, accus\u00e9 Dreyfus, puis ceux, dont la loyaut\u00e9 est et restera au-dessus des soup\u00e7ons, qui ont eu le triste de voir de le juger… \u00bb. Concernant Zola<\/a> et son \u00ab J’Accuse… ! \u00bb<\/a>, il condamnait l’emploi de ces \u00ab singuliers arguments pour r\u00e9clamer justice \u00bb et consid\u00e9rait que cette initiative \u00ab a plut\u00f4t \u00e9t\u00e9 funeste \u00e0 la cause qu’il pr\u00e9tend un peu trop bruyamment d\u00e9fendre\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab Chez M. Berthelot \u00bb, 9\u00a0f\u00e9vrier 1898<\/a>). Mais cela dit, Berthelot n’en perdait pas pour autant l’estime dans laquelle il tenait l’\u00e9crivain dont d\u00e9j\u00e0, en 1887, il avait dit, \u00e0 la tribune de la Chambre, tout le bien qu’il pensait de l’\u00e9crivain et de son \u0153uvre tout en d\u00e9fendant, comme ministre de l’Instruction publique, l’interdiction des repr\u00e9sentations de Germinal<\/em>. \u00c0 la mort de Zola, en 1902, il redira tout le bien qu’il pensait de son \u0153uvre et, sil se garda bien de faire la moindre allusion \u00e0 l’Affaire, r\u00e9v\u00e9lait qu’\u00e0 deux reprises il avait propos\u00e9 son nom au comit\u00e9 su\u00e9dois pour le premier prix Nobel de litt\u00e9rature (\u00ab \u00c9mile Zola. Notes et impressions. M. Berthelot \u00bb, 5 octobre 1902<\/a>).
Par la suite, il vota donc la loi de dessaisissement<\/a>, condamna les incidents d\u2019Auteuil<\/a>, vota l\u2019amnistie<\/a> et, en 1906, convaincu par l\u2019arr\u00eat de la Cour de cassation<\/a>, vota la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration de Dreyfus et de Picquart<\/a>\u00a0et l\u2019\u00e9rection, au S\u00e9nat, des statues de Scheurer et Trarieux<\/a> (r\u00e9solution Monis<\/a>). En d\u00e9cembre suivant, il votera aussi le projet de transfert des cendres de Zola au Panth\u00e9on<\/a> (proposition de loi Breton<\/a>)… o\u00f9 il le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dera d’un an.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Sources et bibliographie : Sur Berthelot, on pourra lire A. Boutaric, Marcellin Berthelot<\/em> (1827-1907)<\/em>, Paris, Payot, 1927 ; Daniel Langlois-Berthelot, Marcelin Berthelot. Un savant<\/em> engag\u00e9<\/em>, Paris, JC Latt\u00e8s, 2000 ; Jean Balcou (dir.), Marcelin Berthelot. Sciences et politique,<\/em> Rennes, PUR, 2010. On pourra aussi consulter son dossier de la L\u00e9gion d\u2019honneur sous la cote : LH\/209\/76<\/a>. Notons que ce n\u2019est pas lui, contrairement \u00e0 ce que nous avons dit dans notre Histoire de l\u2019affaire Dreyfus de 1894 \u00e0 nos jours <\/em>(p. 523), qui fut visit\u00e9 par Blum mais Ren\u00e9 Berthelot, ami et condisciple du futur pr\u00e9sident du Conseil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Philippe Oriol<\/em><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Berthelot, Pierre, Eug\u00e8ne, Marcelin\u00a0(avec un seul \u00ab l \u00bb selon l’\u00e9tat-civil), chimiste, biologiste et homme politique fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 25 octobre 1827*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 18 mars 1907*.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[389,388,41,384,383,45],"tags":[87,86,390],"class_list":["post-7287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biologiste","category-chimiste","category-homme-politique","category-paris","category-seine","category-senateur","tag-affaire-dreyfus","tag-dictionnaire-de-laffaire-dreyfus","tag-marcelin-berthelot-et-laffaire-dreyfus"],"yoast_head":"\nMarcelin Berthelot - Dictionnaire de l'affaire Dreyfus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2022\/01\/21\/marcelin-berthelot\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marcelin Berthelot - 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