{"id":6921,"date":"2021-11-23T11:33:40","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T10:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/?p=6921"},"modified":"2026-04-12T00:08:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T22:08:47","slug":"sarah-bernhardt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2021\/11\/23\/sarah-bernhardt\/","title":{"rendered":"Sarah Bernhardt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bernhardt<\/span><\/span>, Sarah<\/span> <\/span>(Sara, Marie, Henriette, <\/span>Bernhardt<\/span> dite), com\u00e9dienne fran\u00e7aise, n\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris le 25 septembre 1844, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris le 26 mars 1923*.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n

De ses d\u00e9buts \u00e0 la Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise en 1861 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la veille de sa mort elle sut conqu\u00e9rir la faveur du public. Audacieuse, provoquante, ne reculant devant aucun scandale, elle fut de tous les combats. Pendant la guerre de 1870, elle am\u00e9nagea \u00e0 ses frais une ambulance et se consacra avec d\u00e9vouement aux bless\u00e9s. \u00c0 partir de 1880, sa vie ne fut plus qu\u2019un perp\u00e9tuel ballet de par le monde. Son renom \u00e0 travers de nombreux pays contribua au prestige fran\u00e7ais. Hugo, Dumas, Sardou<\/a>, Rostand<\/a>, etc. \u00e9crivirent pour elle des r\u00f4les sur mesure. Elle dirigea successivement les th\u00e9\u00e2tres de la Porte-Saint-Martin, de la Renaissance et fonda en 1899 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre Sarah Bernhardt (ancien th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Nations). <\/span> Sarah Bernhardt fantasque et lucide, \u00e9prise de libert\u00e9 et de justice, toujours pr\u00eate \u00e0 secourir les plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s, fut naturellement touch\u00e9e par le sort de Dreyfus<\/a>. Ainsi \u00e9crivit-elle une lettre de soutien \u00e0 Zola<\/a>, d\u00e8s la publication de son premier article sur l’Affaire<\/a>, lettre que Zola pr\u00e9sentera \u00e0 son \u00e9pouse comme \u00e9tant d’un \u00ab emballement absolument fou \u00bb puis une seconde au lendemain de la publication de son \u00ab J\u2019Accuse… ! \u00bb<\/a> :<\/p>\r\n

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Laissez-moi vous dire, cher Grand Ma\u00eetre, l\u2019\u00e9motion indicible que m\u2019a fait \u00e9prouver votre cri de justice.\u2008Je ne suis qu\u2019une femme et je ne puis rien dire moi, mais je suis angoiss\u00e9e, je suis hant\u00e9e, et votre belle page d\u2019hier a \u00e9t\u00e9 pour ma r\u00e9elle souffrance un r\u00e9el soulagement.\u2008Je voulais \u00e9crire \u00e0 Scheurer-Kestner<\/a> pour le remercier au nom de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, mais sachant que tout est crime en ce moment pour cet homme admirable je me suis dit que si une artiste, que dis-je, une actrice \u00e9tait surprise en d\u00e9votion de son acte si courageux, on se servirait de cette d\u00e9couverte pour l\u2019accabler.\u2008\u00c0 vous que j\u2019aime depuis si longtemps, je dis merci, merci de toutes les forces de mon intention douloureuse, qui me crie il y a un crime, il y a un crime ! Merci \u00c9mile Zola, merci Ma\u00eetre aim\u00e9.\u2008Merci, merci au nom de l\u2019\u00e9ternelle justice \u00bb (expo BNF).<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n

Elle se brouilla m\u00eame un temps avec son fils Maurice, alors antidreyfusard. Afin de marquer publiquement son engagement, elle d\u00e9cida, apr\u00e8s avoir sign\u00e9 la protestation en faveur de Picquart<\/a> (3e<\/sup> liste), au moment du proc\u00e8s de Rennes<\/a>, de ne pas donner la repr\u00e9sentation pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 Rennes, montrant ainsi clairement sa position et aussi son refus de risquer de cr\u00e9er une diversion. Comme le souligne Jules Claretie<\/a> : \u00ab C\u2019est tr\u00e8s beau ce qu\u2019elle fait l\u00e0 ; elle perd une fort belle recette, et une ovation certaine \u00bb (Chincholle, \u00ab\u00a0La journ\u00e9e \u00e0 Rennes\u00a0\u00bb, Le Figaro, <\/i>18 ao\u00fbt<\/a>). \u00c0 la mort de Scheurer-Kestner, elle enverra une couronne portant ces simples mots : \u00ab\u00a0Hommage \u00e0 Scheurer, l\u2019ap\u00f4tre de la V\u00e9rit\u00e9 \u00bb (cit\u00e9 in Sylvie Aprile, \u00ab Les Fun\u00e9railles d\u2019Auguste Scheurer-Kestner \u00bb, Jean Jaur\u00e8s, cahiers trimestriels, <\/i>no<\/sup> 154, octobre-d\u00e9cembre 1999, p.\u200823) et, \u00e0 celle de Zola, en 1902, elle souscrira \u00e0 son monument<\/a> (33e<\/sup> liste de la Ligue des droits de l\u2019homme). De m\u00eame, apr\u00e8s l’attentat dont avait \u00e9t\u00e9 victime Labori<\/a> \u00e0 Rennes, elle avait \u00e9crit \u00e0 son \u00e9pouse pour l’inciter au \u00ab courage \u00bb et l’assurer de \u00ab [s]a profonde douleur et de [s]on grand espoir \u00bb (Harvard, Ms Judaica 1.3, 153, f.3-4<\/a>). Sarah Bernhardt consacra toute sa vie au th\u00e9\u00e2tre et n\u2019abandonna pas la sc\u00e8ne malgr\u00e9 son amputation en 1915. Elle sut cultiver par les excentricit\u00e9s de sa vie intime, par sa diction particuli\u00e8re, sorte de m\u00e9lop\u00e9e musicale confinant \u00e0 la monotonie, une popularit\u00e9 qui ne se d\u00e9mentie jamais. Sarah, premi\u00e8re \u00ab star \u00bb des temps modernes, con\u00e7ut sa vie comme une \u0153uvre d\u2019art.
On n’attachera aucun cr\u00e9dit et moins encore d’importance \u00e0 la fable, pr\u00e9sente dans un film r\u00e9cent (La Divine<\/i>, de Guillaume Nicloux, 2024), reprise de L<\/em>a<\/i> Vie merveilleuse <\/i>de Sarah Bernhardt d’Henri Verneuil (1942), qui attribue \u00e0 Sarah Bernhardt l’engagement dreyfusard de Zola (voir ici<\/a>).\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Sources et bibliographie : on peut consulter : Ma double vie : m\u00e9moires de Sarah Bernhardt, <\/i>Paris, \u00e9d. des femmes, 1980 et Portrait(s) de Sarah Bernhardt, <\/i>ouvrage collectif sous la dir. de No\u00eblle Guibert, \u00e9d. BNF, 2000<\/span>. La lettre \u00e0 Zola, cit\u00e9e, est conserv\u00e9e \u00e0 la BNF sous le c\u00f4te NAF 24511, f. 168-169<\/a>. La premi\u00e8re, qui n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 conserv\u00e9e, est mentionn\u00e9e dans Zola, Lettres \u00e0 Alexandrine 1876-1901<\/em>, Paris, Gallimard, 2014, p. 274.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Sandrine Maillet<\/em><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0 \"\"<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bernhardt, Sarah (Sara, Marie, Henriette, Bernhardt dite), com\u00e9dienne fran\u00e7aise, n\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris le 25 septembre 1844, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris le 26 mars 1923*.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[164,9],"tags":[87,86,342],"class_list":["post-6921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comedien","category-dreyfusard","tag-affaire-dreyfus","tag-dictionnaire-de-laffaire-dreyfus","tag-sarah-bernhardt-et-laffaire-dreyfus"],"yoast_head":"\nSarah Bernhardt - Dictionnaire de l'affaire Dreyfus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2021\/11\/23\/sarah-bernhardt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sarah Bernhardt - 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