{"id":6501,"date":"2020-06-12T20:15:23","date_gmt":"2020-06-12T18:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/?p=6501"},"modified":"2022-01-10T19:24:56","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T18:24:56","slug":"rene-berenger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/12\/rene-berenger\/","title":{"rendered":"Ren\u00e9 B\u00e9renger"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e9renger<\/span>, Ren\u00e9<\/span>, magistrat et homme politique fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Bourg-les-Valence (Dr\u00f4me) le 22 avril 1830*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 29 ao\u00fbt 1915*.<\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n

Docteur en droit (1853), substitut \u00e0 Evreux (1854), procureur \u00e0 Bernay puis \u00e0 Neuch\u00e2tel (1855), substitut du procureur \u00e0 Amiens puis \u00e0 Dijon (1859), avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 Grenoble (1862) puis \u00e0 Lyon (1867), il connut la prison apr\u00e8s le 4 Septembre et avait \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentant de la Dr\u00f4me \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale en 1871 (et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1876) et, en 1873, pendant quelques jours, ministre des Travaux publics. S\u00e9nateur inamovible depuis 1876, il est l\u2019auteur de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre loi de 1891 sur l\u2019att\u00e9nuation et l\u2019aggravation des peines.
En 1896, ce \u00ab\u00a0ferme r\u00e9publicain, tout en \u00e9tant r\u00e9publicain conservateur\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0tr\u00e8s ferme catholique\u00a0\u00bb (Journal officiel, D\u00e9bats parlementaires, S\u00e9nat<\/em>, 28 f\u00e9vrier 1899, p.\u00a0194<\/a>) fut le premier auquel Lazare<\/a> rendit visite, pensant que \u00ab\u00a0le l\u00e9giste serait r\u00e9volt\u00e9 par le coup de la pi\u00e8ce secr\u00e8te\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb. B\u00e9renger le\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0re\u00e7ut mal\u00a0\u00bb, lui d\u00e9clarant \u00ab\u00a0m\u00eame qu\u2019il \u00e9tait contrari\u00e9 de [l]e voir\u00a0\u00bb. S\u2019il fut toutefois troubl\u00e9 par la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation de l\u2019existence de la pi\u00e8ce secr\u00e8te, il refusa d\u2019y croire et s\u2019il accepta, \u00e0 l\u2019invitation de Lazare de recevoir Demange<\/a>, il \u00ab\u00a0ne fit rien\u00a0\u00bb (Lazare, M\u00e9moire \u00e0 Reinach<\/em>, p. 252<\/a>).
Au d\u00e9but de 1898, fid\u00e8le \u00e0 ses anciennes amiti\u00e9s, il fut un des 80 s\u00e9nateurs \u00e0 voter pour Scheurer-Kestner<\/a> candidat \u00e0 sa propre succession \u00e0 la vice-pr\u00e9sidence (Reinach, I, p. 845 n. 1) et, par la suite, vota, \u00ab [s]e s\u00e9parant de [s]es amis \u00bb (Journal officiel, D\u00e9bats parlementaires, S\u00e9nat<\/em>, 13 d\u00e9cembre 1906, p. 1112<\/a>), contre la loi de dessaisissement<\/a>, \u00ab loi d\u2019exception , \u00ab infraction absolue aux principes \u00bb, \u00ab indign[e] du caract\u00e8re fran\u00e7ais \u00bb, faiblesse d\u2019un gouvernement qui a cru \u00ab qu\u2019il fallait satisfaire aux sentiments de l\u2019arm\u00e9e \u00bb (Journal officiel, D\u00e9bats parlementaires, S\u00e9nat<\/em>, 28 f\u00e9vrier 1899, p.\u00a0194<\/a>, 195<\/a>, 197<\/a> et 198<\/a>), loi qu\u2019il combattit \u00e0 la tribune, et vota pour la condamnation des incidents d\u2019Auteuil<\/a>.
Apr\u00e8s avoir pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 la commission de la Haute-Cour<\/a> charg\u00e9 d\u2019instruire contre les nationalistes accus\u00e9s de complot, il vota l\u2019amnistie<\/a> et, en 1906, apr\u00e8s la cassation du proc\u00e8s de Rennes<\/a>, pour ne pas se s\u00e9parer compl\u00e8tement et d\u00e9finitivement de ses amis, s\u2019abstint sur le vote relatif \u00e0 la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration de Dreyfus<\/a> et de Picquart<\/a> et lors du vote relatif \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rection, au S\u00e9nat, des statues de Scheurer et Trarieux<\/a> (r\u00e9solution Monis<\/a>). De m\u00eame, en d\u00e9cembre suivant, il vota contre le projet de transfert des cendres de Zola au Panth\u00e9on<\/a> (proposition de loi Breton<\/a>) et avait, au cours du d\u00e9bat, pris la parole pour s\u2019opposer \u00e0 une panth\u00e9onisation qui n\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e0 ses yeux en aucun cas celle de Zola<\/a> mais, \u00e0 travers lui, celle de l\u2019affaire Dreyfus. Un \u00ab retour offensif \u00bb qui ne pourrait, avait-il expliqu\u00e9, que \u00ab r\u00e9veiller les passions \u00e0 peine \u00e9teintes \u00bb, que \u00ab ressusciter cette n\u00e9faste affaire \u00bb et faire courir le risque au pays, \u00e0 travers la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie publique qui en serait la manifestation, \u00ab de faire descendre l\u2019affaire dans la rue \u00bb (Journal officiel, D\u00e9bats parlementaires, S\u00e9nat<\/em>, 13 d\u00e9cembre 1906, p. 1111-1113<\/a>).
B\u00e9renger ne fut certes pas dreyfusard<\/a> et, s\u2019il reconnaissait que \u00ab\u00a0des fautes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises\u00a0\u00bb et, superbe litote, que quelques-uns des chefs de l\u2019arm\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0n\u2019ont pas toujours eu la prudence n\u00e9cessaire\u00a0\u00bb (Journal officiel, D\u00e9bats parlementaires, S\u00e9nat<\/em>, 28 f\u00e9vrier 1899, p.\u00a0198<\/a>), il ne fut pas pour cela antidreyfusard<\/a> dont il refusa les groupes et les ligues, comme celle de la patrie fran\u00e7aise<\/a> qu\u2019il consid\u00e9rait comme n\u2019ayant pu s\u2019installer dans l\u2019opinion \u00ab\u00a0que par une \u00e9quivoque\u00a0\u00bb (Journal officiel, D\u00e9bats parlementaires, S\u00e9nat<\/em>, 28 f\u00e9vrier 1899, p.\u00a0197<\/a>). Pour lui, comme il l\u2019avait dit dans son discours contre la loi de dessaisissement, une question le pr\u00e9occupait, question \u00ab que tant de gens se posent depuis si longtemps avec angoisse \u00bb : \u00ab Le condamn\u00e9 dont le sort s\u2019agite aujourd\u2019hui, a-t-il pu r\u00e9ellement se d\u00e9fendre ? Oui, au milieu des obscurit\u00e9s accumul\u00e9es sur cette douloureuse affaire, apr\u00e8s quatre ans, nous sommes \u00e0 nous demander encore si cet homme accus\u00e9 du crime le plus grave et frapp\u00e9 d\u2019un ch\u00e2timent horrible, rendu plus horrible encore par la mani\u00e8re dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 aggrav\u00e9, a pu r\u00e9ellement se d\u00e9fendre contre l\u2019accusation qui l\u2019a perdu \u00bb (idem<\/em><\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Sources et bibliographie : son discours au sujet de la panth\u00e9onisation de Zola a \u00e9t\u00e9 repris dans Cassation II. V, tome 2 p. 651-658. On pourra consulter son dossier de la L\u00e9gion d\u2019honneur sous la cote : LH\/186\/9<\/a> ; sa fiche de carri\u00e8re au CAC sous la cote : 20030033\/21 ; son dossier de magistrat au CARAN sous la cote : BB\/6(II)\/30.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Philippe Oriol<\/em><\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e9renger, Ren\u00e9, magistrat et homme politique fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Bourg-les-Valence (Dr\u00f4me) le 22 avril 1830*, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris le 29 ao\u00fbt 1915*.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[228,41,54,45],"tags":[87,86,346],"class_list":["post-6501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-drome","category-homme-politique","category-magistrat","category-senateur","tag-affaire-dreyfus","tag-dictionnaire-de-laffaire-dreyfus","tag-rene-berenger-et-laffaire-dreyfus"],"yoast_head":"\nRen\u00e9 B\u00e9renger - Dictionnaire de l'affaire Dreyfus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dicoaffairedreyfus.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/12\/rene-berenger\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ren\u00e9 B\u00e9renger - 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